DACSRLINK(1) | DACS Tools and Utilities | DACSRLINK(1)

## NAME

dacsrlink — create and administer rule links

## SYNOPSIS

`dacsrlink` [`dacsoptions`] `op` [`arg`...]

## DESCRIPTION

This program is part of the DACS suite.

The dacsrlink command is used to create and manage special URLs called Rlinks (rule links). Basically, an Rlink is an ordinary URL that also includes a special component called an Rname that indirectly specifies a DACS access control rule that applies to the Rlink. Depending on the application, the creator of an Rlink may expect it to be kept secret by everyone he distributes it to. A given resource may have Rlinks with different Rnames "pointing to it". Rlinks are processed by dacs_acs during authorization checking.

A DACS identity may be attached to an Rlink through the `rlink` and `rname` operations. When an Rlink with an attached identity is used, that identity is available to dacs_acs for access control purposes. There are two modes of attachment: direct and indirect. Identities for use with the direct mode are encrypted using the `jurisdiction_keys` item type (see dacskey(1)); the program's user must therefore be able to read these keys. Changing these keys will invalidate all existing encrypted identities.

The special, temporary credentials associated with an Rlink have the authentication style "`rlink`" (refer to user() with the `style` keyword), but not `passwd`, even if a password is required to gain access to a resource.

There are many applications of Rlinks. Perhaps their main application is to provide identity-restricted access to a resource without having to create per-identity accounts. The identity associated with an Rlink need not exist outside of its use by the Rlink. When the Rlink is invoked (possibly accompanied by a password bound to the URL), the identity is available to the access control rule and an invoked web service just as if "real" DACS credentials had been used.

dacsrlink can also be used as a simple front end for creating ordinary access control rules.

## OPTIONS

dacsrlink recognizes the standard dacsoptions, which are followed by an operation name (`op`), various operation-dependent flags, and finally non-flag arguments. The `--` flag can be used to terminate the operation-dependent list of flags. Flags that are not recognized by the selected operation are ignored. A rule is always syntax checked (as by dacsacl(1)) before being written; if an error is found, the operation is aborted. Several flags are recognized by more than one operation.

By default, the virtual filestore item type `rlinks` specifies where Rlinks are stored. This can be overridden for most operations by giving the `-vfs` flag, which can specify a DACS URI, alternate item type, or absolute pathname.

### Security

Access to the rules and to listings of their names must be restricted, otherwise Rnames could be revealed. Only a DACS administer should be permitted to create, edit, delete, etc. rules. dacs_acs must be able to access the rules if Rlinks are enabled. Ensure that file permissions are set appropriately.

The optional `-out` flag is followed by a filename to which the rule should be written instead of a filestore; if `-` is given, the standard output is used.

The default alphabet used to generate Rnames can be overridden using the `-ralpha` flag; `alpha` is a character specification in the syntax of strtr() (e.g., "`a-zA-Z0-9`", which is the default). The default length of an Rname can be overridden using the `-rlen` flag. Alternatively, some operations take a `-rname` flag that specifies the Rname to use.

The following `op` arguments are understood:

`check` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] [`rname`]

  Perform a syntax check on the rule identified by `rname` to the standard output. If no error is found, an exit status of 0 is returned, otherwise an error message is produced and 1 is returned.

`clone` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] [`-out` `filename`] [`-rname` `rname`] [`-ralpha` `alpha`] [`-rlen` `len`]`rname`

  Create a new link identical to `rname` but with a new Rname. If the `-rname` flag is given, use `rname` as the Rname instead of generating one.

`create` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] [`-out` `filename`] [{`-p` `password`} | {`-pf` `file`}]
[{ `-a` | `-allow` }`name`] [{`-p` `password`} | {`-pf` `file`}]...
[`-palg` `alg-name`] [`-r` `redirect-URL`] [`-rname` `rname`] [`-ralpha` `alpha`] [`-rlen` `len`]
[`-expires` { `seconds` | `date` } ] `path`...

  Create a new Rlink and either write it to the filestore, a specified file, or the standard output. The optional `-a` (or `-allow`) flag is followed by `name`, which is a string that will become the argument to the user() function that will be called from the `allow` clause of the ACL that is created. Each `name` will therefore be granted access to each of the named `path` arguments, which are URI path components relative to the current jurisdiction.

  A password that applies only to this user can optionally follow as the next argument using a `-p` or `-pf` flag; its hashed value will be embedded in the Rlink and compared against a hash of an argument named `PASSWORD` that must be submitted with the Rlink. If a `-p` or `-pf` flag precedes any `-a` (`-allow`) flag, however, it establishes a default password for all users specified later on the command line. The `-pf` flag is followed by a filename from which the password is read; if `file` is "`-`", then the password is read from the standard input. A password may be specified even if no `-a` flag is present; the request will not have an identity bound to it but a valid `PASSWORD` argument must be provided. The `-palg` flag overrides the default password hashing algorithm (see password()).

  If the `-rname` flag is given, `rname` is used as the Rname instead of generating one. The `-expires` assigns an `expires_expr` attribute to the Rlink, which will render the Rlink invalid after the specified date. The flag is followed either by an unsigned integer, which is interpreted as a number of seconds in the future, or a date in one of the recognized formats.

  If the `-r` flag appears, no usernames can be specified. An attempt to access any of the resources associated with the Rlink will cause the client to be redirected to `redirect-URL`, which may contain a properly encoded query component. This lets an Rlink serve as a "short link", akin to the services provided by bit.ly, TinyURL.com, Metamark Shorten™ Service, and many others.

  ### Note

  Administrators should review the rule that is created. The show operation can be used to display the rule and the edit operation can be used to modify it.

`delete` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] `rname`...

  Delete the Rlink named `rname` in the selected filestore.

`edit` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] `rname`...

  Interactively edit a copy of the Rlink named `rname` in the selected filestore. If the environment variable `EDITOR` is set, it is used as the name of the editor to use, otherwise the compile time symbol DEFAULT_EDITOR is used. When editing is completed, the Rlink is replaced with the edited copy, provided the new version is syntactically correct.

`ident` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] `rname-ident`...

  Decode and print `rname-ident`, an Rname with an identity component produced by the rlink or rname operations.

`list` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`]

  Print a listing of all Rnames in the selected filestore.

`rlink` [`-imode` `imode`] [ { `-i` | `-ident` } `ident`] [`-iptr` `iptr`] `-lmode` `link-mode` `rname` `uri`

  Emit an Rlink to the standard output that integrates `rname` into the `uri` according to `link-mode`. The `link-mode` is one of `dacs_acs` (or just `acs`), `query`, or `path`, representing the three general forms of an Rlink. If `ident` is specified, it describes a user in the concise user syntax that is associated with the link. The `ident` may include an expiry date.

  The `-imode` specifies whether a `direct` or `indirect` identity should be associated with the Rname, or whether there is `none` (the default). For `direct`, `ident` (specified by `-i` or `-ident`) is used; it describes an identity in the concise user syntax that is associated with the link. For the `indirect` mode, a random identifier is generated (using the same algorithm selected for Rnames); if the `-iptr` flag is given, however, `iptr` is used as the identifier string.

  If `uri` is a URI path component (i.e., it begins with a '`/`'), the configuration variable `rlink_base_prefix` must be defined; its value is prepended to the URI path.

  Additional query arguments can be attached to the emitted link. If a password is required by the ACL for the resource, for example, a `PASSWORD` argument is required.

  Implementation of `query` and `path` modes is incomplete, so URLs for those Rlinks must be generated manually.

`rname` [`-imode` `imode`] [ { `-i` | `-ident` } `ident`] [`-iptr` `iptr`] [`-ralpha` `alpha`] [`-rlen` `len`]
[`-rname` `rname`]

  This operation emits an Rname that satisfies the given constraints and prints it to the standard output. The Rname is suitable for use with the `-rname` flag. It does not create an ACL. This operation might be useful when Rlinks are created manually or using another program.

  The `-imode`, `-i`, and `-iptr` flags are as described for the rlink operation.

`show` [`-vfs` `vfs_uri`] `rname`

  Display the rule identified by `rname` to the standard output.

## EXAMPLES

The following examples assume that the jurisdiction `EXAMPLE` includes the following configuration:

    RLINK '"${Args::RNAME:?}" /usr/local/dacs/rlinks'
    EVAL   ${Conf::rlink_base_prefix} = "https://www.example.com"
    VFS    "[rlinks]file:///usr/local/dacs/rlinks"

These directives enable Rlink processing by dacs_acs, and cause URLs generated by dacsrlink to be prefixed by https://www.example.com and ACLs that it creates to be stored as files in the /usr/local/dacs/rlinks directory.

This command creates an Rname called `IRCl7p4Q`, and associates it with the relative URL /cgi-bin/dacs/dacs_prenv; the Rname will expire in 300 seconds (relative to this jurisdiction's clock):

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE create -expires 300 /cgi-bin/dacs/dacs_prenv
    IRCl7p4Q

Once an Rname has been created, a URL can be generated that incorporates the Rname:

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE rlink -lmode acs IRCl7p4Q /cgi-bin/dacs/dacs_prenv
    https://www.example.com/cgi-bin/dacs/dacs_prenv?DACS_ACS=-rname+IRCl7p4Q

In this example, the Rname has been incorporated into the URL through the DACS_ACS argument.

To display the ACL for Rname `IRCl7p4Q`:

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE show IRCl7p4Q
    <acl_rule status="enabled" name="IRCl7p4Q" expires_expr='time(now) ge 1178917167'>
      <services>
        <service url_pattern="/cgi-bin/dacs/dacs_prenv"/>
      </services>

      <rule order="allow,deny">
       <allow>
       </allow>
      </rule>
    </acl_rule>

Or, since the access control rule created by dacsrlink can be found in /usr/local/dacs/rlinks:

    % cat /usr/local/dacs/rlinks/IRCl7p4Q

The default rule for dacs_prenv restricts access to a DACS administrator, but anyone who uses this Rlink before it expires will be granted access to dacs_prenv. This rule can be manually customized at anytime. Note that unlike ordinary access control rules, there is no index file for Rlinks.

This command creates a rule that applies to two resources and grants access to two users:

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE create -a :auggie -a :harley /private/a.html /private/b.html
    7tW3SJou
    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE show 7tW3SJou
    <acl_rule status="enabled" name="7tW3SJou">
      <services>
          <service url_pattern="/private/a.html"/>
          <service url_pattern="/private/b.html"/>
      </services>
      <rule order="allow,deny">
       <allow>
           user(":auggie")
       </allow>
       <allow>
           user(":harley")
       </allow>
      </rule>
    </acl_rule>

To generate URLs to give to these two users so that they can access these resource, commands like the following would be used:

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE rlink -imode direct -i ":auggie" -lmode acs 7tW3SJou /private/a.html
    https://www.example.com/private/a.html?DACS_ACS=-rname+7tW3SJou:HMGxWlccUihTtgbtJg
    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE rlink -imode direct -i ":harley" -lmode acs 7tW3SJou /private/b.html
    https://www.example.com/private/b.html?DACS_ACS=-rname+7tW3SJou:qouYfT7pdwuLXHxodxE2

When the first of these links is invoked, it will appear as if `EXAMPLE:auggie` is accessing `a.html`. Since no expiration was specified for the identities or the resources, the two links will be valid indefinitely. The rule can be deleted at any time:

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE delete 7tW3SJou

This demonstrates how to create a password-controlled link:

    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE create -a :auggie -p abracadabra /private/c.txt
    rIPZaJeN
    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE show rIPZaJeN
    <acl_rule status="enabled" name="rIPZaJeN">
      <services>
          <service url_pattern="/private/c.html"/>
      </services>
      <rule order="allow,deny">
       <allow>
           user(":auggie")
           and password(check, ${Args::PASSWORD}, "2|XYZZYnahdnl3VtLqGtpbW|2GoDncq34p2EMO4PA5Uj6iWkFb9")
       </allow>
      </rule>
    </acl_rule>
    % dacsrlink -uj EXAMPLE rlink -imode direct -i :auggie -lmode acs rIPZaJeN /private/c.txt
    https://www.example.com/private/c.txt?DACS_ACS=-rname+rIPZaJeN:r6RdcTcmUyhTtgbtJg
    % http "https://www.example.com/private/c.txt?DACS_ACS=-rname+rIPZaJeN:r6RdcTcmUyhTtgbtJg&PASSWORD=abracadabra"
    Hello, world

## DIAGNOSTICS

The program exits `0` if everything was fine, `1` if an error occurred.

## SEE ALSO

dacs.acls(5)

## AUTHOR

Distributed Systems Software (www.dss.ca)

## COPYING

Copyright © 2003-2012 Distributed Systems Software. See the `LICENSE` file that accompanies the distribution for licensing information.

DACS Version 1.4.28b | 1-Mar-2013 | DACSRLINK(1)

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$Id: dacsrlink.1.xml 2563 2012-02-07 22:40:41Z brachman $