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fix nph/sphere command :h3

[Syntax:]

fix ID group-ID nph/sphere args keyword value ... :pre

ID, group-ID are documented in "fix"_fix.html command
nph/sphere = style name of this fix command
additional barostat related keyword/value pairs from the "fix nph"_fix_nh.html command can be appended :ul

[Examples:]

fix 1 all nph/sphere iso 0.0 0.0 1000.0
fix 2 all nph/sphere x 5.0 5.0 1000.0
fix 2 all nph/sphere x 5.0 5.0 1000.0 drag 0.2
fix 2 water nph/sphere aniso 0.0 0.0 1000.0 dilate partial :pre

[Description:]

Perform constant NPH integration to update position, velocity, and
angular velocity each timestep for extended spherical particles in the
group using a Nose/Hoover pressure barostat.  P is pressure; H is
enthalpy.  This creates a system trajectory consistent with the
isenthalpic ensemble.

This fix differs from the "fix nph"_fix_nh.html command, which assumes
point particles and only updates their position and velocity.

Additional parameters affecting the barostat are specified by keywords
and values documented with the "fix nph"_fix_nh.html command.  See,
for example, discussion of the {aniso}, and {dilate} keywords.

The particles in the fix group are the only ones whose velocities and
positions are updated by the velocity/position update portion of the
NPH integration.

Regardless of what particles are in the fix group, a global pressure is
computed for all particles.  Similarly, when the size of the simulation
box is changed, all particles are re-scaled to new positions, unless the
keyword {dilate} is specified with a value of {partial}, in which case
only the particles in the fix group are re-scaled.  The latter can be
useful for leaving the coordinates of particles in a solid substrate
unchanged and controlling the pressure of a surrounding fluid.

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This fix computes a temperature and pressure each timestep.  To do
this, the fix creates its own computes of style "temp/sphere" and
"pressure", as if these commands had been issued:

compute fix-ID_temp all temp/sphere
compute fix-ID_press all pressure fix-ID_temp :pre

See the "compute temp/sphere"_compute_temp_sphere.html and "compute
pressure"_compute_pressure.html commands for details.  Note that the
IDs of the new computes are the fix-ID + underscore + "temp" or fix_ID
+ underscore + "press", and the group for the new computes is "all"
since pressure is computed for the entire system.

Note that these are NOT the computes used by thermodynamic output (see
the "thermo_style"_thermo_style.html command) with ID = {thermo_temp}
and {thermo_press}.  This means you can change the attributes of this
fix's temperature or pressure via the
"compute_modify"_compute_modify.html command or print this temperature
or pressure during thermodynamic output via the "thermo_style
custom"_thermo_style.html command using the appropriate compute-ID.
It also means that changing attributes of {thermo_temp} or
{thermo_press} will have no effect on this fix.

[Restart, fix_modify, output, run start/stop, minimize info:]

This fix writes the state of the Nose/Hoover barostat to "binary
restart files"_restart.html.  See the "read_restart"_read_restart.html
command for info on how to re-specify a fix in an input script that
reads a restart file, so that the operation of the fix continues in an
uninterrupted fashion.

The "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html {temp} and {press} options are
supported by this fix.  You can use them to assign a
"compute"_compute.html you have defined to this fix which will be used
in its thermostatting or barostatting procedure.  If you do this, note
that the kinetic energy derived from the compute temperature should be
consistent with the virial term computed using all atoms for the
pressure.  LAMMPS will warn you if you choose to compute temperature
on a subset of atoms.

The "fix_modify"_fix_modify.html {energy} option is supported by this
fix to add the energy change induced by Nose/Hoover barostatting to
the system's potential energy as part of "thermodynamic
output"_thermo_style.html.

This fix computes the same global scalar and global vector of
quantities as does the "fix nph"_fix_nh.html command.

This fix can ramp its target pressure over multiple runs, using the
{start} and {stop} keywords of the "run"_run.html command.  See the
"run"_run.html command for details of how to do this.

This fix is not invoked during "energy minimization"_minimize.html.

[Restrictions:]

This fix requires that atoms store torque and angular velocity (omega)
and a radius as defined by the "atom_style sphere"_atom_style.html
command.

All particles in the group must be finite-size spheres.  They cannot
be point particles.

[Related commands:]

"fix nph"_fix_nh.html, "fix nve_sphere"_fix_nve_sphere.html, "fix
nvt_sphere"_fix_nvt_sphere.html, "fix npt_sphere"_fix_npt_sphere.html,
"fix_modify"_fix_modify.html

[Default:] none
