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# sqlglot.dialects.hive

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    approx_count_distinct_sql,
      9    create_with_partitions_sql,
     10    format_time_lambda,
     11    if_sql,
     12    left_to_substring_sql,
     13    locate_to_strposition,
     14    max_or_greatest,
     15    min_or_least,
     16    no_ilike_sql,
     17    no_recursive_cte_sql,
     18    no_safe_divide_sql,
     19    no_trycast_sql,
     20    regexp_extract_sql,
     21    regexp_replace_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    strposition_to_locate_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    timestrtotime_sql,
     27    var_map_sql,
     28)
     29from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     30from sqlglot.parser import parse_var_map
     31from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     32
     33# (FuncType, Multiplier)
     34DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
     35    "YEAR": ("ADD_MONTHS", 12),
     36    "MONTH": ("ADD_MONTHS", 1),
     37    "QUARTER": ("ADD_MONTHS", 3),
     38    "WEEK": ("DATE_ADD", 7),
     39    "DAY": ("DATE_ADD", 1),
     40}
     41
     42TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {
     43    "MILLISECOND": " * 1000",
     44    "SECOND": "",
     45    "MINUTE": " / 60",
     46    "HOUR": " / 3600",
     47}
     48
     49DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ("YEAR", "QUARTER", "MONTH")
     50
     51
     52def _add_date_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.DateAdd | exp.DateSub) -> str:
     53    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     54    func, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("DATE_ADD", 1))
     55
     56    if isinstance(expression, exp.DateSub):
     57        multiplier *= -1
     58
     59    if expression.expression.is_number:
     60        modified_increment = exp.Literal.number(int(expression.text("expression")) * multiplier)
     61    else:
     62        modified_increment = expression.expression.copy()
     63        if multiplier != 1:
     64            modified_increment = exp.Mul(  # type: ignore
     65                this=modified_increment, expression=exp.Literal.number(multiplier)
     66            )
     67
     68    return self.func(func, expression.this, modified_increment)
     69
     70
     71def _date_diff_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
     72    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     73
     74    factor = TIME_DIFF_FACTOR.get(unit)
     75    if factor is not None:
     76        left = self.sql(expression, "this")
     77        right = self.sql(expression, "expression")
     78        sec_diff = f"UNIX_TIMESTAMP({left}) - UNIX_TIMESTAMP({right})"
     79        return f"({sec_diff}){factor}" if factor else sec_diff
     80
     81    sql_func = "MONTHS_BETWEEN" if unit in DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH else "DATEDIFF"
     82    _, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("", 1))
     83    multiplier_sql = f" / {multiplier}" if multiplier > 1 else ""
     84    diff_sql = f"{sql_func}({self.format_args(expression.this, expression.expression)})"
     85
     86    return f"{diff_sql}{multiplier_sql}"
     87
     88
     89def _json_format_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
     90    this = expression.this
     91    if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type("json") and this.this.is_string:
     92        # Since FROM_JSON requires a nested type, we always wrap the json string with
     93        # an array to ensure that "naked" strings like "'a'" will be handled correctly
     94        wrapped_json = exp.Literal.string(f"[{this.this.name}]")
     95
     96        from_json = self.func("FROM_JSON", wrapped_json, self.func("SCHEMA_OF_JSON", wrapped_json))
     97        to_json = self.func("TO_JSON", from_json)
     98
     99        # This strips the [, ] delimiters of the dummy array printed by TO_JSON
    100        return self.func("REGEXP_EXTRACT", to_json, "'^.(.*).$'", "1")
    101
    102    return self.func("TO_JSON", this, expression.args.get("options"))
    103
    104
    105def _array_sort_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ArraySort) -> str:
    106    if expression.expression:
    107        self.unsupported("Hive SORT_ARRAY does not support a comparator")
    108    return f"SORT_ARRAY({self.sql(expression, 'this')})"
    109
    110
    111def _property_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Property) -> str:
    112    return f"'{expression.name}'={self.sql(expression, 'value')}"
    113
    114
    115def _str_to_unix_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    116    return self.func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, _time_format(self, expression))
    117
    118
    119def _str_to_date_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate) -> str:
    120    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    121    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    122    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    123        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    124    return f"CAST({this} AS DATE)"
    125
    126
    127def _str_to_time_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.StrToTime) -> str:
    128    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    129    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    130    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    131        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    132    return f"CAST({this} AS TIMESTAMP)"
    133
    134
    135def _time_format(
    136    self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToStr | exp.StrToUnix
    137) -> t.Optional[str]:
    138    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    139    if time_format == Hive.TIME_FORMAT:
    140        return None
    141    return time_format
    142
    143
    144def _time_to_str(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    145    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    146    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    147    return f"DATE_FORMAT({this}, {time_format})"
    148
    149
    150def _to_date_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
    151    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    152    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    153    if time_format and time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    154        return f"TO_DATE({this}, {time_format})"
    155    return f"TO_DATE({this})"
    156
    157
    158class Hive(Dialect):
    159    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    160    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    161
    162    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    163    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    164
    165    TIME_MAPPING = {
    166        "y": "%Y",
    167        "Y": "%Y",
    168        "YYYY": "%Y",
    169        "yyyy": "%Y",
    170        "YY": "%y",
    171        "yy": "%y",
    172        "MMMM": "%B",
    173        "MMM": "%b",
    174        "MM": "%m",
    175        "M": "%-m",
    176        "dd": "%d",
    177        "d": "%-d",
    178        "HH": "%H",
    179        "H": "%-H",
    180        "hh": "%I",
    181        "h": "%-I",
    182        "mm": "%M",
    183        "m": "%-M",
    184        "ss": "%S",
    185        "s": "%-S",
    186        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    187        "a": "%p",
    188        "DD": "%j",
    189        "D": "%-j",
    190        "E": "%a",
    191        "EE": "%a",
    192        "EEE": "%a",
    193        "EEEE": "%A",
    194    }
    195
    196    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    197    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    198    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    199
    200    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    201        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    202        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    203        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    204        ENCODE = "utf-8"
    205
    206        KEYWORDS = {
    207            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    208            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    209            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    210            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    211            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    212            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    213            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    214            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    215            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    216            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    217        }
    218
    219        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    220            "L": "BIGINT",
    221            "S": "SMALLINT",
    222            "Y": "TINYINT",
    223            "D": "DOUBLE",
    224            "F": "FLOAT",
    225            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    226        }
    227
    228    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    229        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    230        STRICT_CAST = False
    231
    232        FUNCTIONS = {
    233            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    234            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    235            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    236            "COLLECT_SET": exp.SetAgg.from_arg_list,
    237            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    238                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    239            ),
    240            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    241                [
    242                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    243                    seq_get(args, 1),
    244                ]
    245            ),
    246            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    247                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    248                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    249                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    250            ),
    251            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    252                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    253                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    254            ),
    255            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    256            "FROM_UNIXTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    257            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    258            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    259            "MAP": parse_var_map,
    260            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    261            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    262            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    263            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    264                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    265            ),
    266            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    267            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    268            "TO_DATE": format_time_lambda(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    269            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    270            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    271            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True),
    272            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    273        }
    274
    275        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    277            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    278        }
    279
    280        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    281            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    282            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    283                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    284            ),
    285        }
    286
    287        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    288            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    289                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    290                return None
    291
    292            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    293            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    294
    295            record_writer = None
    296            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    297                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    298
    299            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    300                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    301
    302            command_script = self._parse_string()
    303
    304            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    305            schema = self._parse_schema()
    306
    307            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    308            record_reader = None
    309            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    310                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    311
    312            return self.expression(
    313                exp.QueryTransform,
    314                expressions=args,
    315                command_script=command_script,
    316                schema=schema,
    317                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    318                record_writer=record_writer,
    319                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    320                record_reader=record_reader,
    321            )
    322
    323        def _parse_types(
    324            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False
    325        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    326            """
    327            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    328            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    329
    330                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    331                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    332                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    333                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    334                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    335
    336                1234
    337                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    338
    339            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    340            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    341
    342            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    343            """
    344            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func, schema=schema)
    345
    346            if this and not schema:
    347                return this.transform(
    348                    lambda node: node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    349                    if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    350                    else node,
    351                    copy=False,
    352                )
    353
    354            return this
    355
    356    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    357        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    358        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    359        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    360        JOIN_HINTS = False
    361        TABLE_HINTS = False
    362        QUERY_HINTS = False
    363        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    364        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    365
    366        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    367            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    368            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    369            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    370            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    371            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    372            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    374        }
    375
    376        TRANSFORMS = {
    377            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    378            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    379            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    380                [
    381                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    382                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    383                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    384                ]
    385            ),
    386            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    387            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    388            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    389            exp.ArrayJoin: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    391            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    392            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    393            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    394            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    395            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    396            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    397            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    398            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    399            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    400            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    401            exp.If: if_sql,
    402            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    403            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    404            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    405            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    406            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    407            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    408            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    409            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    410            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    411            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    412            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    413            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    414            exp.Create: create_with_partitions_sql,
    415            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    416            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    417            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    418            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    420            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    421            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    422            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    423            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    424            exp.SetAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    425            exp.Split: lambda self, e: f"SPLIT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, CONCAT('\\\\Q', {self.sql(e, 'expression')}))",
    426            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    427            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    428            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    429            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    430            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    431            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    432            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    433            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    434            exp.TimeToStr: _time_to_str,
    435            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    436            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    437            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    438            exp.TsOrDsAdd: lambda self, e: f"DATE_ADD({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    439            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    440            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    441            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    442                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, _time_format(self, e)
    443            ),
    444            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    445            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    446            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    447            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    448            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    449            exp.LastDateOfMonth: rename_func("LAST_DAY"),
    450            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    451        }
    452
    453        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    454            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    455            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    456            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    457            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    458        }
    459
    460        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    461            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    462            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    463            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    464
    465        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    466            return self.func(
    467                "COLLECT_LIST",
    468                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    469            )
    470
    471        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    472            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    473
    474        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    475            if (
    476                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    477                and not expression.expressions
    478            ):
    479                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    480            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    481                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    482            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    483                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeSize)
    484                if size_expression:
    485                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    486                    expression = (
    487                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    488                    )
    489
    490            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {'YEAR': ('ADD_MONTHS', 12), 'MONTH': ('ADD_MONTHS', 1), 'QUARTER': ('ADD_MONTHS', 3), 'WEEK': ('DATE_ADD', 7), 'DAY': ('DATE_ADD', 1)}
TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {'MILLISECOND': ' * 1000', 'SECOND': '', 'MINUTE': ' / 60', 'HOUR': ' / 3600'}
DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ('YEAR', 'QUARTER', 'MONTH')
class Hive(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    159class Hive(Dialect):
    160    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    161    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    162
    163    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    164    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    165
    166    TIME_MAPPING = {
    167        "y": "%Y",
    168        "Y": "%Y",
    169        "YYYY": "%Y",
    170        "yyyy": "%Y",
    171        "YY": "%y",
    172        "yy": "%y",
    173        "MMMM": "%B",
    174        "MMM": "%b",
    175        "MM": "%m",
    176        "M": "%-m",
    177        "dd": "%d",
    178        "d": "%-d",
    179        "HH": "%H",
    180        "H": "%-H",
    181        "hh": "%I",
    182        "h": "%-I",
    183        "mm": "%M",
    184        "m": "%-M",
    185        "ss": "%S",
    186        "s": "%-S",
    187        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    188        "a": "%p",
    189        "DD": "%j",
    190        "D": "%-j",
    191        "E": "%a",
    192        "EE": "%a",
    193        "EEE": "%a",
    194        "EEEE": "%A",
    195    }
    196
    197    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    198    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    199    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    200
    201    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    202        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    203        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    204        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    205        ENCODE = "utf-8"
    206
    207        KEYWORDS = {
    208            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    209            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    210            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    211            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    212            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    213            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    214            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    215            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    216            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    217            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    218        }
    219
    220        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    221            "L": "BIGINT",
    222            "S": "SMALLINT",
    223            "Y": "TINYINT",
    224            "D": "DOUBLE",
    225            "F": "FLOAT",
    226            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    227        }
    228
    229    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    230        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    231        STRICT_CAST = False
    232
    233        FUNCTIONS = {
    234            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    235            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    236            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    237            "COLLECT_SET": exp.SetAgg.from_arg_list,
    238            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    239                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    240            ),
    241            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    242                [
    243                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    244                    seq_get(args, 1),
    245                ]
    246            ),
    247            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    248                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    249                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    250                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    251            ),
    252            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    253                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    254                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    255            ),
    256            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    257            "FROM_UNIXTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    258            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    259            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    260            "MAP": parse_var_map,
    261            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    262            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    263            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    264            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    265                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    266            ),
    267            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    268            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    269            "TO_DATE": format_time_lambda(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    270            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    271            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    272            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True),
    273            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    274        }
    275
    276        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    277            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    278            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    279        }
    280
    281        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    282            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    283            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    284                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    285            ),
    286        }
    287
    288        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    289            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    290                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    291                return None
    292
    293            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    294            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    295
    296            record_writer = None
    297            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    298                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    299
    300            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    301                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    302
    303            command_script = self._parse_string()
    304
    305            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    306            schema = self._parse_schema()
    307
    308            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    309            record_reader = None
    310            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    311                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    312
    313            return self.expression(
    314                exp.QueryTransform,
    315                expressions=args,
    316                command_script=command_script,
    317                schema=schema,
    318                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    319                record_writer=record_writer,
    320                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    321                record_reader=record_reader,
    322            )
    323
    324        def _parse_types(
    325            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False
    326        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    327            """
    328            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    329            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    330
    331                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    332                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    333                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    334                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    335                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    336
    337                1234
    338                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    339
    340            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    341            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    342
    343            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    344            """
    345            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func, schema=schema)
    346
    347            if this and not schema:
    348                return this.transform(
    349                    lambda node: node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    350                    if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    351                    else node,
    352                    copy=False,
    353                )
    354
    355            return this
    356
    357    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    358        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    359        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    360        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    361        JOIN_HINTS = False
    362        TABLE_HINTS = False
    363        QUERY_HINTS = False
    364        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    365        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    366
    367        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    368            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    369            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    370            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    371            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    372            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    375        }
    376
    377        TRANSFORMS = {
    378            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    379            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    380            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    381                [
    382                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    383                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    384                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    385                ]
    386            ),
    387            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    388            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    389            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    390            exp.ArrayJoin: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    392            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    393            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    394            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    395            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    396            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    397            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    398            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    399            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    400            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    401            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    402            exp.If: if_sql,
    403            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    404            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    405            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    406            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    407            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    408            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    409            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    410            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    411            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    412            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    413            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    414            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    415            exp.Create: create_with_partitions_sql,
    416            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    417            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    420            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    421            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    422            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    423            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    424            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    425            exp.SetAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    426            exp.Split: lambda self, e: f"SPLIT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, CONCAT('\\\\Q', {self.sql(e, 'expression')}))",
    427            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    428            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    429            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    430            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    431            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    432            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    433            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    434            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    435            exp.TimeToStr: _time_to_str,
    436            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    437            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    438            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    439            exp.TsOrDsAdd: lambda self, e: f"DATE_ADD({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    440            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    441            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    442            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    443                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, _time_format(self, e)
    444            ),
    445            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    446            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    447            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    448            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    449            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    450            exp.LastDateOfMonth: rename_func("LAST_DAY"),
    451            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    452        }
    453
    454        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    455            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    456            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    457            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    458            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    459        }
    460
    461        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    462            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    463            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    464            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    465
    466        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    467            return self.func(
    468                "COLLECT_LIST",
    469                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    470            )
    471
    472        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    473            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    474
    475        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    476            if (
    477                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    478                and not expression.expressions
    479            ):
    480                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    481            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    482                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    483            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    484                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeSize)
    485                if size_expression:
    486                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    487                    expression = (
    488                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    489                    )
    490
    491            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}
DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.hive.Hive.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.hive.Hive.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.hive.Hive.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = None
HEX_END = None
BYTE_START = None
BYTE_END = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  NULL_ORDERING
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Hive.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    201    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    202        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    203        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    204        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    205        ENCODE = "utf-8"
    206
    207        KEYWORDS = {
    208            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    209            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    210            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    211            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    212            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    213            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    214            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    215            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    216            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    217            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    218        }
    219
    220        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    221            "L": "BIGINT",
    222            "S": "SMALLINT",
    223            "Y": "TINYINT",
    224            "D": "DOUBLE",
    225            "F": "FLOAT",
    226            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    227        }

QUOTES = ["'", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
ENCODE = 'utf-8'
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 'SERDE_PROPERTIES'>}
NUMERIC_LITERALS = {'L': 'BIGINT', 'S': 'SMALLINT', 'Y': 'TINYINT', 'D': 'DOUBLE', 'F': 'FLOAT', 'BD': 'DECIMAL'}
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT: bool = True

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  COMMENTS
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Hive.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    229    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    230        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    231        STRICT_CAST = False
    232
    233        FUNCTIONS = {
    234            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    235            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    236            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    237            "COLLECT_SET": exp.SetAgg.from_arg_list,
    238            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    239                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    240            ),
    241            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    242                [
    243                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    244                    seq_get(args, 1),
    245                ]
    246            ),
    247            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    248                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    249                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    250                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    251            ),
    252            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    253                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    254                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    255            ),
    256            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    257            "FROM_UNIXTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    258            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    259            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    260            "MAP": parse_var_map,
    261            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    262            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    263            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    264            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    265                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    266            ),
    267            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    268            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    269            "TO_DATE": format_time_lambda(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    270            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    271            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    272            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True),
    273            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    274        }
    275
    276        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    277            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    278            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    279        }
    280
    281        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    282            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    283            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    284                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    285            ),
    286        }
    287
    288        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    289            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    290                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    291                return None
    292
    293            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    294            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    295
    296            record_writer = None
    297            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    298                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    299
    300            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    301                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    302
    303            command_script = self._parse_string()
    304
    305            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    306            schema = self._parse_schema()
    307
    308            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    309            record_reader = None
    310            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    311                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    312
    313            return self.expression(
    314                exp.QueryTransform,
    315                expressions=args,
    316                command_script=command_script,
    317                schema=schema,
    318                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    319                record_writer=record_writer,
    320                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    321                record_reader=record_reader,
    322            )
    323
    324        def _parse_types(
    325            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False
    326        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    327            """
    328            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    329            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    330
    331                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    332                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    333                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    334                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    335                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    336
    337                1234
    338                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    339
    340            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    341            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    342
    343            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    344            """
    345            this = super()._parse_types(check_func=check_func, schema=schema)
    346
    347            if this and not schema:
    348                return this.transform(
    349                    lambda node: node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    350                    if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    351                    else node,
    352                    copy=False,
    353                )
    354
    355            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
STRICT_CAST = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'COLLECT_LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'COLLECT_SET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'GET_JSON_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'LOCATE': <function locate_to_strposition>, 'PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'PERCENTILE_APPROX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'TO_DATE': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'TO_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'UNBASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  FUNCTION_PARSERS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  NULL_ORDERING
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Hive.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    357    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    358        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    359        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    360        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    361        JOIN_HINTS = False
    362        TABLE_HINTS = False
    363        QUERY_HINTS = False
    364        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    365        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    366
    367        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    368            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    369            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    370            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    371            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    372            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    375        }
    376
    377        TRANSFORMS = {
    378            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    379            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    380            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    381                [
    382                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    383                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    384                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    385                ]
    386            ),
    387            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    388            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    389            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    390            exp.ArrayJoin: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    392            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    393            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    394            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    395            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    396            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    397            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    398            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    399            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    400            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    401            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    402            exp.If: if_sql,
    403            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    404            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    405            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    406            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    407            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    408            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    409            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    410            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    411            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    412            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    413            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    414            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    415            exp.Create: create_with_partitions_sql,
    416            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    417            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    420            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    421            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    422            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    423            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    424            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    425            exp.SetAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    426            exp.Split: lambda self, e: f"SPLIT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, CONCAT('\\\\Q', {self.sql(e, 'expression')}))",
    427            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    428            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    429            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    430            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    431            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    432            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    433            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    434            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    435            exp.TimeToStr: _time_to_str,
    436            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    437            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    438            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    439            exp.TsOrDsAdd: lambda self, e: f"DATE_ADD({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    440            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    441            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    442            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    443                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, _time_format(self, e)
    444            ),
    445            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    446            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    447            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    448            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    449            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    450            exp.LastDateOfMonth: rename_func("LAST_DAY"),
    451            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    452        }
    453
    454        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    455            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    456            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    457            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    458            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    459        }
    460
    461        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    462            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    463            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    464            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    465
    466        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    467            return self.func(
    468                "COLLECT_LIST",
    469                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    470            )
    471
    472        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    473            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    474
    475        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    476            if (
    477                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    478                and not expression.expressions
    479            ):
    480                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    481            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    482                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    483            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    484                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeSize)
    485                if size_expression:
    486                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    487                    expression = (
    488                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    489                    )
    490
    491            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
INDEX_ON = 'ON TABLE'
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BINARY'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <function _property_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function approx_count_distinct_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>: <function _array_sort_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function no_recursive_cte_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function _json_format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function create_with_partitions_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function strposition_to_locate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>: <function _str_to_unix_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _time_to_str>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function no_trycast_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.National'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str: View Source

    461        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    462            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    463            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    464            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"

def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg) -> str: View Source

    466        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    467            return self.func(
    468                "COLLECT_LIST",
    469                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    470            )

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    472        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    473            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    475        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    476            if (
    477                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    478                and not expression.expressions
    479            ):
    480                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    481            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    482                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    483            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    484                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeSize)
    485                if size_expression:
    486                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    487                    expression = (
    488                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    489                    )
    490
    491            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}}
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    253    @classmethod
    254    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    255        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    256
    257        Args:
    258            text: The text to check.
    259            identify:
    260                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    261                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    262
    263        Returns:
    264            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    265        """
    266        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    267            return True
    268
    269        if identify == "safe":
    270            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    271
    272        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  NULL_ORDERING
  ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypesize_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql