/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package javax.servlet.http;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;

/**
 * Creates a cookie, a small amount of information sent by a servlet to a Web browser, saved by the browser, and later
 * sent back to the server. A cookie's value can uniquely identify a client, so cookies are commonly used for session
 * management.
 * <p>
 * A cookie has a name, a single value, and optional attributes such as a comment, path and domain qualifiers, a maximum
 * age, and a version number. Some Web browsers have bugs in how they handle the optional attributes, so use them
 * sparingly to improve the interoperability of your servlets.
 * <p>
 * The servlet sends cookies to the browser by using the {@link HttpServletResponse#addCookie} method, which adds fields
 * to HTTP response headers to send cookies to the browser, one at a time. The browser is expected to support 50 cookies
 * for each domain, 3000 cookies total, and may limit cookie size to 4 KiB each.
 * <p>
 * The browser returns cookies to the servlet by adding fields to HTTP request headers. Cookies can be retrieved from a
 * request by using the {@link HttpServletRequest#getCookies} method. Several cookies might have the same name but
 * different path attributes.
 * <p>
 * Cookies affect the caching of the Web pages that use them. HTTP 1.0 does not cache pages that use cookies created
 * with this class. This class does not support the cache control defined with HTTP 1.1.
 * <p>
 * This class supports both the RFC 2109 and the RFC 6265 specifications. By default, cookies are created using RFC
 * 6265.
 */
public class Cookie implements Cloneable, Serializable {

    private static final CookieNameValidator validation;

    static {
        boolean strictServletCompliance;
        boolean strictNaming;
        boolean allowSlash;
        String propStrictNaming;
        String propFwdSlashIsSeparator;

        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
            strictServletCompliance = Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE");
            propStrictNaming = System.getProperty("org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING");
            propFwdSlashIsSeparator =
                    System.getProperty("org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR");
        } else {
            strictServletCompliance = AccessController
                    .doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Boolean>) () -> Boolean
                            .valueOf(System.getProperty("org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE")))
                    .booleanValue();
            propStrictNaming = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<String>) () -> System
                    .getProperty("org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING"));
            propFwdSlashIsSeparator = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<String>) () -> System
                    .getProperty("org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR"));
        }

        if (propStrictNaming == null) {
            strictNaming = strictServletCompliance;
        } else {
            strictNaming = Boolean.parseBoolean(propStrictNaming);
        }

        if (propFwdSlashIsSeparator == null) {
            allowSlash = !strictServletCompliance;
        } else {
            allowSlash = !Boolean.parseBoolean(propFwdSlashIsSeparator);
        }

        if (strictNaming) {
            validation = new RFC2109Validator(allowSlash);
        } else {
            validation = new RFC6265Validator();
        }
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * Cookie name.
     */
    private final String name;

    /**
     * Cookie value.
     */
    private String value;

    /**
     * Cookie version value. {@code ;Version=1 ...} means RFC 2109 style.
     */
    private int version = 0;

    //
    // Attributes encoded in the header's cookie fields.
    //
    /**
     * {@code ;Comment=VALUE ...} describes cookie's use.
     */
    private String comment;
    /**
     * {@code ;Domain=VALUE ...} domain that sees cookie
     */
    private String domain;
    /**
     * {@code ;Max-Age=VALUE ...} cookies auto-expire
     */
    private int maxAge = -1;
    /**
     * {@code ;Path=VALUE ...} URLs that see the cookie
     */
    private String path;
    /**
     * {@code ;Secure ...} e.g. use SSL
     */
    private boolean secure;
    /**
     * Not in cookie specs, but supported by browsers.
     */
    private boolean httpOnly;

    /**
     * Constructs a cookie with a specified name and value.
     * <p>
     * The name must conform to RFC 2109. That means it can contain only ASCII alphanumeric characters and cannot
     * contain commas, semicolons, or white space or begin with a $ character. The cookie's name cannot be changed after
     * creation.
     * <p>
     * The value can be anything the server chooses to send. Its value is probably of interest only to the server. The
     * cookie's value can be changed after creation with the <code>setValue</code> method.
     * <p>
     * By default, cookies are created according to the Netscape cookie specification. The version can be changed with
     * the <code>setVersion</code> method.
     *
     * @param name  a <code>String</code> specifying the name of the cookie
     * @param value a <code>String</code> specifying the value of the cookie
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the cookie name contains illegal characters (for example, a comma, space, or
     *                                      semicolon) or it is one of the tokens reserved for use by the cookie
     *                                      protocol
     *
     * @see #setValue
     * @see #setVersion
     */
    public Cookie(String name, String value) {
        validation.validate(name);
        this.name = name;
        this.value = value;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a comment that describes a cookie's purpose. The comment is useful if the browser presents the cookie
     * to the user. Comments are not supported by Netscape Version 0 cookies.
     *
     * @param purpose a <code>String</code> specifying the comment to display to the user
     *
     * @see #getComment
     */
    public void setComment(String purpose) {
        comment = purpose;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the comment describing the purpose of this cookie, or <code>null</code> if the cookie has no comment.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the comment, or <code>null</code> if none
     *
     * @see #setComment
     */
    public String getComment() {
        return comment;
    }


    /**
     * Specifies the domain within which this cookie should be presented.
     * <p>
     * The form of the domain name is specified by RFC 2109. A domain name begins with a dot (<code>.foo.com</code>) and
     * means that the cookie is visible to servers in a specified Domain Name System (DNS) zone (for example,
     * <code>www.foo.com</code>, but not <code>a.b.foo.com</code>). By default, cookies are only returned to the server
     * that sent them.
     *
     * @param pattern a <code>String</code> containing the domain name within which this cookie is visible; form is
     *                    according to RFC 2109
     *
     * @see #getDomain
     */
    public void setDomain(String pattern) {
        domain = pattern.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); // IE allegedly needs this
    }


    /**
     * Returns the domain name set for this cookie. The form of the domain name is set by RFC 2109.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the domain name
     *
     * @see #setDomain
     */
    public String getDomain() {
        return domain;
    }


    /**
     * Sets the maximum age of the cookie in seconds.
     * <p>
     * A positive value indicates that the cookie will expire after that many seconds have passed. Note that the value
     * is the <i>maximum</i> age when the cookie will expire, not the cookie's current age.
     * <p>
     * A negative value means that the cookie is not stored persistently and will be deleted when the Web browser exits.
     * A zero value causes the cookie to be deleted.
     *
     * @param expiry an integer specifying the maximum age of the cookie in seconds; if negative, means the cookie is
     *                   not stored; if zero, deletes the cookie
     *
     * @see #getMaxAge
     */
    public void setMaxAge(int expiry) {
        maxAge = expiry;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the maximum age of the cookie, specified in seconds, By default, <code>-1</code> indicating the cookie
     * will persist until browser shutdown.
     *
     * @return an integer specifying the maximum age of the cookie in seconds; if negative, means the cookie persists
     *             until browser shutdown
     *
     * @see #setMaxAge
     */
    public int getMaxAge() {
        return maxAge;
    }


    /**
     * Specifies a path for the cookie to which the client should return the cookie.
     * <p>
     * The cookie is visible to all the pages in the directory you specify, and all the pages in that directory's
     * subdirectories. A cookie's path must include the servlet that set the cookie, for example, <i>/catalog</i>, which
     * makes the cookie visible to all directories on the server under <i>/catalog</i>.
     * <p>
     * Consult RFC 2109 (available on the Internet) for more information on setting path names for cookies.
     *
     * @param uri a <code>String</code> specifying a path
     *
     * @see #getPath
     */
    public void setPath(String uri) {
        path = uri;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the path on the server to which the browser returns this cookie. The cookie is visible to all subpaths on
     * the server.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> specifying a path that contains a servlet name, for example, <i>/catalog</i>
     *
     * @see #setPath
     */
    public String getPath() {
        return path;
    }


    /**
     * Indicates to the browser whether the cookie should only be sent using a secure protocol, such as HTTPS or SSL.
     * <p>
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * @param flag if <code>true</code>, sends the cookie from the browser to the server only when using a secure
     *                 protocol; if <code>false</code>, sent on any protocol
     *
     * @see #getSecure
     */
    public void setSecure(boolean flag) {
        secure = flag;
    }


    /**
     * Returns <code>true</code> if the browser is sending cookies only over a secure protocol, or <code>false</code> if
     * the browser can send cookies using any protocol.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the browser uses a secure protocol; otherwise, <code>false</code>
     *
     * @see #setSecure
     */
    public boolean getSecure() {
        return secure;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the name of the cookie. The name cannot be changed after creation.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> specifying the cookie's name
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }


    /**
     * Assigns a new value to a cookie after the cookie is created. If you use a binary value, you may want to use
     * BASE64 encoding.
     * <p>
     * With Version 0 cookies, values should not contain white space, brackets, parentheses, equals signs, commas,
     * double quotes, slashes, question marks, at signs, colons, and semicolons. Empty values may not behave the same
     * way on all browsers.
     *
     * @param newValue a <code>String</code> specifying the new value
     *
     * @see #getValue
     * @see Cookie
     */
    public void setValue(String newValue) {
        value = newValue;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the value of the cookie.
     *
     * @return a <code>String</code> containing the cookie's present value
     *
     * @see #setValue
     * @see Cookie
     */
    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the version of the protocol this cookie complies with. Version 1 complies with RFC 2109, and version 0
     * complies with the original cookie specification drafted by Netscape. Cookies provided by a browser use and
     * identify the browser's cookie version.
     *
     * @return 0 if the cookie complies with the original Netscape specification; 1 if the cookie complies with RFC 2109
     *
     * @see #setVersion
     */
    public int getVersion() {
        return version;
    }


    /**
     * Sets the version of the cookie protocol this cookie complies with. Version 0 complies with the original Netscape
     * cookie specification. Version 1 complies with RFC 2109.
     * <p>
     * Since RFC 2109 is still somewhat new, consider version 1 as experimental; do not use it yet on production sites.
     *
     * @param v 0 if the cookie should comply with the original Netscape specification; 1 if the cookie should comply
     *              with RFC 2109
     *
     * @see #getVersion
     */
    public void setVersion(int v) {
        version = v;
    }


    /**
     * Overrides the standard <code>java.lang.Object.clone</code> method to return a copy of this cookie.
     */
    @Override
    public Object clone() {
        try {
            return super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Sets the flag that controls if this cookie will be hidden from scripts on the client side.
     *
     * @param httpOnly The new value of the flag
     *
     * @since Servlet 3.0
     */
    public void setHttpOnly(boolean httpOnly) {
        this.httpOnly = httpOnly;
    }


    /**
     * Gets the flag that controls if this cookie will be hidden from scripts on the client side.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the cookie is hidden from scripts, else <code>false</code>
     *
     * @since Servlet 3.0
     */
    public boolean isHttpOnly() {
        return httpOnly;
    }
}


class CookieNameValidator {
    private static final String LSTRING_FILE = "javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";
    protected static final ResourceBundle lStrings = ResourceBundle.getBundle(LSTRING_FILE);

    protected final BitSet allowed;

    protected CookieNameValidator(String separators) {
        allowed = new BitSet(128);
        allowed.set(0x20, 0x7f); // any CHAR except CTLs or separators
        for (int i = 0; i < separators.length(); i++) {
            char ch = separators.charAt(i);
            allowed.clear(ch);
        }
    }

    void validate(String name) {
        if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(lStrings.getString("err.cookie_name_blank"));
        }
        if (!isToken(name)) {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("err.cookie_name_is_token");
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(errMsg, name));
        }
    }

    private boolean isToken(String possibleToken) {
        int len = possibleToken.length();

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char c = possibleToken.charAt(i);
            if (!allowed.get(c)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

class RFC6265Validator extends CookieNameValidator {
    private static final String RFC2616_SEPARATORS = "()<>@,;:\\\"/[]?={} \t";

    RFC6265Validator() {
        super(RFC2616_SEPARATORS);
    }
}

class RFC2109Validator extends RFC6265Validator {
    RFC2109Validator(boolean allowSlash) {
        // special treatment to allow for FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR property
        if (allowSlash) {
            allowed.set('/');
        }
    }

    @Override
    void validate(String name) {
        super.validate(name);
        if (name.charAt(0) == '$') {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("err.cookie_name_is_token");
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(errMsg, name));
        }
    }
}
